Hydraulic press.



l PATENTBD MAY 24, 1904. n H. 'O.IWES.TMAAR,K. HYDRAULIC PRESS.l 1Arr/montan IIILBD oom, 1901.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

N0 IODEL.

PATENTBD MAY 24, 1904.

= 1 11. o.'w Es'TMA11K. HYDRAULIG PRESS. Arrmomrox'nsn'-ocm.5, 1901.

n0 101ml.. v

2 SHEETS-BREST 2.

nu: Non@ mans Tourner. wmmorou. n:.-

u No. 760,592.

Patented May 24, 1901.9;.122'2` l UNITED! ynot in the plane of theaxial-section'.

i I-IANs o. wESTMARK, on AURORA, IIILINoI's, AssIGNoIoF .ONE-,HALF To YonvILLIIr o. MANN, or; NORA SPRINGS, Iowa.y

.HYDRAULIC PRESS, e

- vstenen'rrcA'rIfoN forming part ofl Letters Patent vl7150,592, datedMayall, 1904.

Application filed October 5,1901:v Serial No. 77,700l i (No model.)

.To all 'whois/1; t may concern/:'-

Be it known that I, lHANS O. .VVEsTMARm a citizen-ofthe United States,lresiding at Aurora,y in the county of Kane andl State of Illi- -nois,have invented certain new and nseful Improvements In Hydraulic Presses,of which the following`is a specification, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.- f

-Y The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydraulic press havingcapacity for any deter correspondingly' less than that requiredgl forthe maximum work for which the press is adapted.

It. consists in the features of construction:y

set out in the claim.

tion through the axis of the ram of the hydraulic press embodying myinvention and showing in section certain pipes and fittings Fig. 2 is asection at the line 2 2 on Fig. l. Fig.` 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2,showing a modification of the arrangement of the chambers in thecylinder-head, consisting'in graduating the diameters ofthe chambersaccording to a 4different law. l l

A represents 'any convenient 'or desirableform of press-standard, havingin the head B ,the cylinders or piston-chambers, which con- D is theram.' p D',.D2,.D3, D4, D5, D, D', D8, and D9 ar Stitute a feature ofmyinvention.

Apistons of different diameters operating onl .`the.ram,'all 'parallelwith each other; rlhe main or central" piston D' is attached to the ram;but the remainder are free from it,.only

operating endwise on it." In the head B are nine piston-chambers 4B',B2, B2, B2, B5, B,

B', B8, and B2,'corresponding to the nine pistons connected to the ram.In the drawings only pistons D' D2D are shown, pistons cor- B10 is'areturn-cylinder mounted at the upper Vend of theV central or maincylindrical chamber B'.' l

D1Y0 is a piston in the cylinder B10, and it has astem d10 extendingthrough the headofthe chamber 4of the mainl cylinder B' and vinthe vlattercylinder is connected to the piston D', 1i the two pistons D andD10 moving together 2 in their respective chambers.vl i

El is the main supply-pipe through which water under pressure isfurnished to the cyliners for operating the ram. r

F is a complete circuit-pipe encompasslng .the cylinder-headlB,',leading out from and back into the main supply-pipe E, theufourwaytting e serving to maire this double junction and at thesame timeaffording connection for the service-pipe or branch pipe lead- Y 'ing tothe main or central cylinder B'. In the drawlngs, Figure lis a verticalsec- G is a branch pipe leading from the main supply-pipe E to thereturn-cylinderBl". g H is a three-way valve in the main supplypipebetween the connection therewith of the branch pipe Gr and theconnection therewith of the circuit-pipel1`. ,f Y y r J is arelicf orwaste pipe leading from the three-way valve, whichv is thereby adaptedto be set so as to admit the water-supply to the several cylinders-ofthe presser to take the water away from the cylinders, as required bythe use of the press; 4

The circuit-pipe F and branch pipes F', F2, F2, FSF?, F,F7,.F8, and F9lead to theseveral -cylinders B', B2, B3, B4, B5, B, B',Bs, and B,respectively. Each of. these supplypipes is provided with anindependentk controlling-valve K. lt will be noticed that the eightvcylinders grouped around'the central cylinder a're of four sizes only,there being two cylinders of each size, the equal cylinders oftheseveral -sizes being respectively opposite each other. This is notan' essentialfeasired, for in the preferred manner of use of this pressthe main or central cylinder B will always be used, the force of thewater whichV may be admitted through this cylinder corresponding to thediierence in area between its piston D and the return-piston D10, beingtaken as corresponding to the minimum work desired oi' the press, sothat when only one cylinder is used it will be the central cylinder,that being the one in the most advantageous position Jfor the workobviously. All the other valves K being closed and the maincontrolling-valve H being open-that is, set so as to admit the waterunder pressure to the main cylinder-that cylinder will be operated andwill operate the ram, as stated, with a force determined by thedifference in arca between the two pistons D' and D10, for it will benoticed that the water is at all times admitted under the piston D10into the cylinder B10 and voperates opposed to the pressure which isadmitted above the piston D'. To return the ram to its elevated positionafter the operating stroke is made, the controlling-valve will be set soas to permit the water to waste, cutting off the supply, whereupon thesupplypressure operating in the return-cylinder will lift the ram to theposition shown in Fig. 1. When work is to be done requiring greaterpressure than can be obtained from the central cylinder alone, if it isnot known how much pressure is required any one or more (preferably two)opposite cylinders may be brought into operation by opening theirrespective controlling-valves K, other cylinders being added to thecombination until the requisite pressure is obtained, and thereupon nofurther adjustment is required; but the stroke requiring this pressuremay be repeated as often as may be desired by merely operating the maincontrolling-valve H.k In each ease when the main valve is set so as toopen the relief-pipe, cutting H the supply, the waterpressure operatingin the return-cylinder will restore the ram to elevated position, thewater wasting from all the cylinders in use after release of themain'controlling-valve through the relief-pipe. The advantage ofarranging the cylinders in pairs whose individuals are opposite eachother around the central cylinder is merely that thereby the resistanceof the work is equalized on both sides of the center, and side strain ofthe structure is avoided. However, it is not a necessity except in caseof severe work, because the central piston operates as a guide for theram, and it is praeticable to operate any lateral cylinder in connectionwith the central cylinder and without the opposite equal cylinder or anylateral cylinder alone provided its area is not exceeded by that of thereturn-cylinder.

I do not limit myself to making the cylinders of different capacity.Obviously a group of cylinders all of the same diameter might beemployed with great advantage in the construction shown; but by makingthe cylinders of different diameters a range of combinations is providedpractically covering the entire iicld between the lowest and thegreatest pressure. Thus the central or main cylinder will affordsuilicient pressure for the lightest work ever required of the press orwhich it may be considered economical to perform with it, the smallestof the encompassing cylinders being the shortest step it is consideredworth while to provide for between successive pressures. The pressureobtainable in the smallest cylinder may be termed the unit or'diiference, (represented by 1.) The next larger cylinder may have anarea of three, the area or' 2 being provided by using the two oppositecylinders 1, having an area of one. Area L will be provided by using onecylinder 3 and one cylinder 1, area 5 by using one cylinder 3 and twocylinders 1, area 6 by coupling together the two opposite cylinders 3,area 7 by adding to this couple one of the cylinder 1, area 8 by usingtwo cylinders 3 and two cylinders 1. The next size necessary to provide,therefore, would be one having an area of nine. Then areal() would beprovided by combininga nine with a one, and so on up to atotal ofseventeen, eighteen being provided by using two nines. The remainingsteps up to and including 26 will be covered by combining with the twonines the several combinations used in producing pressure Jfrom one toeight, inclusive, thc next area therefore being necessary being 27, allsteps from 27 to 53, inclusive, being covered by adding one of thecylinders having area of twenty-seven to the several combinations usedfor the steps from 1 to 26, inclusive, all steps from 54. to 80,inclusive, being covered by adding the second cylinder having the area27 to the several combinations used for all preceding steps. Thus anycombination may be made from one to a total of eighty by steps of one bymeans of eight cylinders in four pairs graduated, as indicated, 1 3 927. Ii' it were desired to use the cylinders only in pairs for the sakeof keeping the pressure always balanced upon opposite sides of the axis,the law of gradation of the several areas would be somewhat different.The following scale will illustrate the law:

Main or central cylinder, arca in excess of return-cylinder.. 1() Firstpair, arca iive each, total First pair combined with central cylinder,

Second pair, area ten each, combined with central cylinder, total. l 30Second pair combined with central cylinder and iirst pair, total Thirdpair, area twenty each, combined with central cylinder Third paircombined with first pair and central cylinder 60 IOO IIO

vpairs and central cylinder. Fourth pair, area,` forty each, combinedwith central cylinder f Fourth pair combined with first pair and centralcylinder Fourth pair combined with second pair. Fourth pair combinedwith iirst and second pairs and central cylinder Fourth pair combinedwith thirdpair and central cylinder Fourth paircombined with third pair,

rst pair, and central cylinder Fourth pair combined with third pair andsecond pair and central cylinder. 150 Fourth pair combined 'with allothers. 160

The -law of this gradation is obvious, and the combination may be madeupon the basis of any unit of area as the effective area of the"centraly cylinder-that is, the difference between its area and that ofthe return-cyll, 2 and 2,-\/, as shown in said figure.

I claim- In a hydraulic press, the combination withk a ram, amultiple-chambered cylinder-head opposed to the ram; a piston attachedto the ram and operating in one of the chambers of the head; areturn-cylinder of less diameter mounted on the end of said maincylinder, and a piston therein extending through the 'maincylinder-head, connected to the piston in the vlatter cylinder; aplurality of additional pistons operatingv in the other chambersrespectively against the ram; a main supply-pipe;

B*",-B4, B2, and B3 being in the proportion of v a controlling andrelief valve therein; abranch y my hand, at Chicago, Illinois, this 18thday of September, A. 1). 1901.

HANS O. WESTMARK. In presence of- (JHAs. S. BURTON, GEORGE H. WARNER.`

